The .32 Smith & Wesson (also known as .32 S&W, .32 S&W Short, or .32 S&W Short Caliber) is a centerfire firearm cartridge introduced by Smith & Wesson in 1878. It was primarily used in small, pocket-sized revolvers and became a popular choice for personal defense and concealment.

History and Development

In the late 19th century, Smith & Wesson, a renowned American firearm manufacturer, sought to create a cartridge that would be suitable for their new line of small, hammerless revolvers. The result was the .32 S&W, a rimfire cartridge that offered a balance between power and concealability.

The cartridge was designed to be used in the I-frame revolver, a compact and lightweight firearm. The I-frame, also known as the "Lady Smith," was intended for concealed carry and self-defense. Its small size and smooth action made it an attractive option for individuals seeking a discreet yet effective firearm.

The .32 S&W cartridge featured a bullet diameter of .312 inches (7.92 mm) and a case length of 0.62 inches (15.75 mm). It used black powder and had a relatively low velocity, making it suitable for close-range encounters. The cartridge's performance was sufficient for its intended purpose, providing adequate stopping power for personal protection.

Usage and Popularity

The .32 S&W cartridge gained popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its compact size and mild recoil made it a preferred choice for women and individuals who required a discreet and easy-to-handle firearm. The cartridge's performance was adequate for self-defense within close distances.

Smith & Wesson produced a range of revolvers chambered in .32 S&W, including the Model 1½, Model 2, and Model 3. These revolvers became known for their reliability and ease of use. The cartridge's low recoil also made it a popular choice for individuals with limited shooting experience.

The .32 S&W cartridge found its way into various other firearms as well. Some notable examples include the Webley & Scott Revolver, the Iver Johnson "Safety Hammerless" Revolver, and the Remington Model 95 Derringer. These firearms further contributed to the cartridge's popularity and versatility.

Performance and Ballistics

The .32 S&W cartridge offers moderate performance with a bullet weight typically ranging from 71 to 90 grains. The muzzle velocity is relatively low, typically around 650 to 750 feet per second. This combination provides a manageable recoil and makes the cartridge suitable for small-framed revolvers.

In terms of energy, the .32 S&W cartridge generates around 70 to 100 foot-pounds of muzzle energy. While this may not be sufficient for hunting larger game, it is adequate for personal defense within close ranges. The cartridge's performance is optimized for stopping power rather than penetration.

Ammunition Availability

While the .32 S&W cartridge is not as commonly produced as some other calibers, it is still available from various ammunition manufacturers. Companies such as Remington, Federal, and Hornady offer .32 S&W ammunition in different bullet types and weights. This ensures that enthusiasts and collectors can still acquire ammunition for their vintage firearms.

Modern Alternatives

As firearm technology advanced, the .32 S&W cartridge was eventually surpassed by more powerful and modern calibers. The introduction of the .380 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) cartridge, for example, offered similar dimensions but with higher velocity and energy. The .380 ACP became a popular choice for concealed carry and self-defense, gradually replacing the .32 S&W.

Despite the emergence of newer calibers, the .32 S&W cartridge still has its enthusiasts and collectors. Many appreciate the cartridge's historical significance and the unique characteristics of the firearms chambered in this caliber. Additionally, some individuals prefer the milder recoil and easier handling of the .32 S&W for certain shooting applications.

Conclusion

The .32 Smith & Wesson cartridge played a significant role in the history of firearms, particularly in the development of compact and concealable revolvers. Its popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries can be attributed to its balanced performance, reliability, and suitability for personal defense. While newer calibers have taken its place, the .32 S&W remains an important part of firearm history and continues to be cherished by collectors and enthusiasts.